The Scientific 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Scientists, Past and Present
The list below is from the book The Scientific 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Scientists, Past and Present, Citadel Press (2000), written by John Galbraith Simmons.
1 Isaac Newton -the Newtonian Revolution
2 Albert Einstein -Twentieth-Century Science
3 Neils Bohr - the Atom
4 Charles Darwin - Evolution
5 Louis Pasteur -the Germ Theory of Disease
6 Sigmund Freud -Psychology of the Unconscious
7 Galileo Galileio-the New Science
8. Antoine Laurent avoisier - The Revolution of Chemistry
9 Johannes Kepler -Motion of the Planets
10 Nicolaus Copernicus -the Heliocentric Universe
11 Michael Faraday -the Classical Field Theory
12 James Clerk Maxwell -the Electromagnetic Field
13 Claude Bernard -the Founding of Modern Physiology
14 Franz Boas - Modern Anthropology
15 Werner Heisenberg -Quantum Theory
16 Linus Pauling -Twentieth-Century Chemistry
17 Rudolf Virchow -the Cell Doctrine
18 Erwin Schrodinger -Wave Mechanics
19 Ernest Rutherford -the Structure of the Atom
20 Paul Dirac - Quantum Electrodynamics
21 Andreas Vesalius -the New Anatomy
22 Tycho Brahe -the New Astronomy
23 Comte de Buffon -l'Histoire Naturelle
24 Ludwig Boltzmann -Thermodynamics
25 Max Planck -the Quanta
26 Marie Curie -Radioactivity
27 William Herschel -the Discovery of the Heavens
28 Charles Lyell -Modern Geology
29 Pierre Simon de Laplace -Newtonian Mechanics
30 Edwin Hubble -the Modern Telescope
31 Joseph J. Thomson -the Discovery of the Electron
32 Max Born -Quantum Mechanics
33 Francis Crick -Molecular Biology
34 Enrico Fermi -Atomic Physics
35 Leonard Euler -Eighteenth-Century Mathematics
36 Justus Liebig -Nineteenth-Century Chemistry
37 Arthur Eddington -Modern Astronomy
38 William Harvey -Circulation of the Blood
39 Marcello Malpighi -Microscopic Anatomy
40 Christiaan Huygens -the Wave Theory of Light
41 Carl Gauss (Karl Friedrich Gauss) -Mathematical Genius
42 Albrecht von Haller -Eighteenth-Century Medicine
43 August Kekule -Chemical Structure
44 Robert Koch -Bacteriology
45 Murray Gell-Mann -the Eightfold Way
46 Emil Fischer -Organic Chemistry
47 Dmitri Mendeleev -the Periodic Table of Elements
48 Sheldon Glashow -the Discovery of Charm
49 James Watson -the Structure of DNA
50 John Bardeen -Superconductivity
51 John von Neumann-the Modern Computer
52 Richard Feynman -Quantum Electrodynamics
53 Alfred Wegener -Continental Drift
54 Stephen Hawking -Quantum Cosmology
55 Anton van Leeuwenhoek -the Simple Microscope
56 Max von Laue -X-ray Crystallography
57 Gustav Kirchhoff -Spectroscopy
58 Hans Bethe -the Energy of the Sun
59 Euclid -the Foundations of Mathematics
60 Gregor Mendel-the Laws of Inheritance
61Heike Kamerlingh Onnes-Superconductivity
62 Thomas Hunt Morgan -the Chromosomal Theory of Heredity
63 Hermann von Helmholtz -the Rise of German Science
64 Paul Ehrlich -Chemotherapy
65 Ernst Mayr -Evolutionary Theory
66 Charles Sherrington -Neurophysiology
67 Theodosius Dobzhansky -the Modern Synthesis
68 Max Delbruck -the Bacteriophage
69 Jean Baptiste Lamarck - the Foundations of Biology
70 William Bayliss -Modern Physiology
71Noam Chomsky -Twentieth-Century Linguistics
72 Frederick Sanger-the Genetic Code
73 Lucretius -Scientific Thinking
74 John Dalton -the Theory of the Atom
75 Louis Victor de Broglie -Wave/Particle Duality
76 Carl Linnaeus -the Binomial Nomenclature
77 Jean Piaget -Child Development
78 George Gaylord Simpson -the Tempo of Evolution
79 Claude Levi-Strauss -Structural Anthropology
80 Lynn Margulis -Symbiosis Theory
81 Karl Landsteiner -the Blood Groups
82 Konrad Lorenz -Ethology
83 Edward O. Wilson -Sociobiology
84 Frederick Gowland Hopkins -Vitamins
85 Gertrude Belle Elion- Pharmacology
86 Hans Selye -the Stress Concept
87 .J. Robert Oppenheimer -the Atomic Era
88 Edward Teller -the Bomb
89 Willard Libby -Radioactive Dating
90 Ernst Haeckel -the Biogenetic Principle
91 Jonas Salk -Vaccination
92 Emil Kraepelin -Twentieth-Century Psychiatry
93 Trofim Lysenko -Soviet Genetics
94 Francis Galton -Eugenics
95 Alfred Binet -the I.Q. Test
96 Alfred Kinsey-Human Sexuality
97 Alexander Fleming -Penicillin
98 B. F. Skinner -Behaviorism
99 Wilhelm Wundt - the Founding of Psychology
100 Archimedes -the Beginning of Science
100 Scientists Who Shaped World History
The list below is from the book 100 Scientists Who Shaped World History (Bluewood Books: San Francisco, CA, © 2000), written by John Hudson Tiner.
The names in this list are listed in chronological order. This book does not purport to list the "most influential" scientists in history, although these are presumably among them. The names listed are not ranked in any way relative to each other. The back cover states:
100 Scientists Who Shaped World History is a fascinating book about the men and women who made significant impacts upon our understanding of the world around us. This chronologically-organized book provides capsule biographies of important scientists and describes how their contributions have shaped the world in which we live.
Pythagoras
c. 580 B.C.-C. 500 B.C.
Hippocates
c. 460 B.C.-377 B.C.
Aristotle
384 B.C.-322 B.C.
Euclid
c. 325 B.C.-270 B.C.
Archimedes
c. 287-c. 212 B.C.
Eratosthenes
c. 276 B.C.-c. 196 B.C.
Galen
c. A.D. 130-c. 216
Hakim Ibn-e-Sina
A.D. 980-1037
Nicolaus Copernicus
1473-1543
Andreas Vesalius
1514-1564
Gallileo Galilei
1564-1642
Johannes Kepler
1571-1630
William Harvey
1578-1657
Rene Descartes
1596-1650
Blaise Pascal
1623-1662
Robert Boyle
1627-1691
Christian Huygens
1632-1695
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
1632-1723
Robert Hooke
1635-1703
Isaac Newton
1642-1727
Edmund Halley
1656-1742
Daniel Bernoulli
1700-1782
Benjamin Franklin
1706-1790
Leonard Euler
1707-1783
Carolus Linnaeus
1707-1778
Henry Cavendish
1731-1810
Joseph Priestley
1733-1804
William Herschel
1738-1822
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
1743-1794
Alessandro Volta
1746-1827
Edward Jenner
1749-1823
John Dalton
1766-1844
Georges Cuvier
1769-1832
Alexander von Humboldt
1769-1859
Karl Friedrich Gauss
1777-1855
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
1778-1850
Humphry Davy
1778-1829
Jons Jakob Berzelius
1779-1848
Michael Faraday
1791-1867
Charles Babbage
1792-1871
Joseph Henry
1797-1878
Matthew Fontaine Maury
1806-1873
Louis Agassiz
1807-1873
Charles Darwin
1809-1882
Augusta Ada Byron
1815-1852
James Prescott Joule
1818-1868
Jean Bernard Leon Foucault
1819-1868
Gregor Mendel
1822-1884
Louis Pasteur
1822-1895
William Thomson, Lord Kelvin
1824-1907
Joseph Lister
1827-1912
Friedrich August Kekule
1829-1896
James Clerk Maxwell
1831-1879
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleyev
1834-1907
William Henry Perkin
1838-1907
Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen
1845-1923
Thomas Alva Edison
1847-1931
Luther Burbank
1849-1923
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
1849-1936
John Ambrose Fleming
1849-1945
William Ramsay
1852-1916
Antoine-Henri Becquerel
1852-1908
Albert Abraham Michelson
1852-1908
Sigmnd Freud
1856-1939
Joseph John Thomson
1856-1940
Nettie Marie Stevens
1861-1912
George Washington Carver
1864-1943
Marie Sklodowska Curie
1867-1934
Henrietta Swan Leavitt
1868-1921
Ernst Rutherford
1871-1937
Lise Meitner
1878-1968
Albert Einstein
1879-1955
Alexander Fleming
1881-1955
Niels Bohr
1885-1962
Selman Abraham Waksman
1888-1973
Edwin Powell Hubble
1889-1953
Robert Alexander Watson-Watt
1892-1973
Arthur Holly Compton
1892-1962
Irene Joliot-Curie
1897-1956
Linus Carl Pauling
1901-1994
Enrico Fermi
1901-1954
Werner Heisenberg
1901-1967
Margaret Mead
1901-1978
Barbara McClintock
1902-1992
Grace Brewster Murray Hopper
1906-1992
Marie Goeppert-Mayer
1906-1972
John Bardeen
1908-1991
William Bradford Shockley
1910-1989
Dorothy Crowfood Hodgkin
1910-1994
Jaques Yves Cousteau
1910-1997
Luis Walter Alvarez
1911-1988
Charles Hard Townes
1915-
Richard Philipis Feynman
1918-1988
Frederick Sanger
1918-
Rosalind Elsie Franklin
1920-1958
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
1921-
Har Gobind Khorana
1922-
Tsung-Dao Lee
1926-
James Dewey Watson
1928-
Stephen William Hawking
1942-
Science:
100 Scientists Who Changed the World
The list below is from the book Science: 100 Scientists Who Changed the World (Enchanted Lion Books: New York, 2003), written by John Balchin.
The names in this list are listed in chronological order. This book does not purport to list the "most influential" scientists in history, although these are presumably among them. The back cover states:
"If I saw further than others," said Sir Isaac Newton, "it is because I was standing on the shoulders of giants." Science introduces one hundred of these giants and examines their achievements: the men and women who, often in the face of extreme scepticism or worse, have striven and succeeded in pushing back the boundaries of human knowledge.
Ranging across the spectrum of scientific endeavour, from the cosmology of Copernicus and Galileo, through the medical revolutions of Hippocrates and Galen, it includes the fields of physics, biology, chemistry and genetics.
This is the story of the ideas that have shaped the world today, and the ideas that will shape the future.
Anaximander
c. 611-547 B.C.
Pythagoras
c. 581-497 B.C.
Hippocrates of Cos
c. 460-377 B.C.
Democritus of Abdera
c. 460-370 B.C.
Plato
c. 427-347 B.C.
Aristotle
c. 384-322 B.C.
Euclid
c. 330-260 B.C.
Archimedes
c. 287-212 B.C.
Hipparchus
c. 170-125 B.C.
Zhang Heng
78-139 A.D.
Ptolemy
90-168 A.D.
Galen of Pergamum
130-201 A.D.
Al-Khwarizmi
800-850
Johannes Gutenberg
1400-1468
Leonardo da Vinci
1452-1519
Nicolas Copernicus
1473-1543
Andreas Vesalius
1514-1564
William Gilbert
1540-1603
Francis Bacon
1561-1626
Galileo Galileo
1564-1642
Johannes Kepler
1571-1630
William Harvey
1578-1657
Johann van Helmont
1579-1644
Rene Descartes
1596-1650
Blaise Pascal
1623-1662
Robert Boyle
1627-1691
Christiann Huygens
1629-1695
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
1632-1723
Robert Hooke
1635-1703
Sir Isaac Newton
1642-1727
Edmund Halley
1656-1742
Thomas Newcomen
1663-1729
Daniel Fahrenheit
1686-1736
Benjamin Franklin
1706-1790
Joseph Black
1728-1799
Henry Cavendish
1731-1810
Joseph Priestley
1733-1804
James Watt
1736-1819
Charles de Coulomb
1736-1806
Joseph Montgolfier
1740-1810
Karl Wilhelm Scheele
1742-1786
Antoine Lavoisier
1743-1794
Count Alessandro Volta
1745-1827
Edward Jenner
1749-1823
John Dalton
1766-1844
Andre-Marie Ampere
1755-1836
Amedo Avogadro
1776-1856
Joseph Gay-Lussac
1778-1850
Charles Babbage
1791-1871
Michael Faraday
1791-1867
Charles Darwin
1809-1881
James Joule
1818-1920
Louis Pasteur
1822-1895
Johann Gregor Mendel
1822-1884
Jean-Joseph Lenoir
1822-1900
Lord Kelvin
1824-1907
James Clerk Maxwell
1831-1879
Alfred Nobel
1833-1896
Wilhelm Gottlieb Daimler
1834-1900
Dmitri Mendeleev
1834-1907
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
1845-1923
Thomas Alva Edison
1847-1931
Alexander Graham Bell
1847-1922
Antoine-Henri Becquerel
1852-1908
Paul Ehrlich
1854-1915
Nikola Tesla
1856-1943
Sir John Joseph Thomson
1856-1940
Sigmund Freud
1856-1939
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
1857-1894
Max Planck
1858-1947
Leo Baekeland
1863-1944
Thomas Hunt Morgan
1866-1945
Marie Curie
1867-1934
Ernest Rutherford
1871-1937
The Wright Brothers
Wilbur: 1867-1912; Orville: 1871-1948
Guglielmo Marconi
1847-1937
Frederick Soddy
1877-1956
Albert Einstein
1879-1955
Alexander Fleming
1881-1955
Robert Goddard
1882-1945
Neils Bohr
1885-1962
Erwin Schrodinger
1887-1961
Henry Moseley
1887-1915
Edwin Hubble
1889-1953
Sir James Chadwick
1891-1974
Frederick Banting
1891-1941
Louis de Broglie
1892-1987
Enrico Fermi
1901-1954
Werner Heisenberg
1901-1954
Linus Carl Pauling
1901-1994
Robert Oppenheimer
1904-1967
Sir Frank Whittle
1907-1996
Edward Teller
1908-
William Shockley
1910-1989
Alan Turing
1912-1954
Jonas Salk
1914-1995
Rosalind Franklin
1920-1958
James Dewey Watson
1928-
Stephen Hawking
1942-
Tim Berners-Lee
1955-
No comments:
Post a Comment